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República Federativa do Brasil Federative Republic of Brazil Flag Coat of arms Motto Ordem e Progresso  (Portuguese) "Order and Progress" Anthem Hino Nacional Brasileiro Capital Brasília 15°45′S, 47°57′W Largest city São Paulo Official languages Portuguese Demonym Brazilian Government Presidential Federal republic  -  President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  -  Vice President José Alencar da Silva Independence from Portugal   -  Declared September 7, 1822   -  Recognized August 29, 1825   -  Republic November 15, 1889  Area  -  Total 8,514,877 km² (5th) 3,287,597 sq mi   -  Water (%) 0.65 Population  -  2007 IBGE  estimate 183.888.841 (5th)  -  2000 IBGE  census 169,799,170   -  Density 22/km² (182nd) 57/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2006 IMF estimate  -  Total US$1.701 trillion (10th)  -  Per capita US$10,073 (65th) GDP (nominal) 2006 IMF estimate  -  Total US$1.067 trillion (10th)  -  Per capita US$5,717 (64th) HDI (2007) 0.796 (medium) (62th) Currency Real (R$) (BRL) Time zone BRT N3 (UTC-2 to -5)  -  Summer (DST) BRST N4 (UTC-2 to -5) Internet TLD .br Calling code +55 ^N1  Data of IBGE. ^N2  Estimate of the International Monetary Fund. ^N3  Officially UTC−3 (Brasília time). ^N4  Officially UTC−2 (Brasília time).

Brazil's current president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The Brazilian Federation is based on the indissoluble association of three autonomous political entities: the States, the Municipalities and the Federal District. A fourth entity originated in the afore mentioned association: the Union. There is no hierarchy among the political entities. The Federation is set on six fundamental principles: sovereignty, citizenship, dignity of the people, social value of labor, freedom of enterprise, and political pluralism. The classic tripartite division of power, encompassing the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary branches under the checks and balances system, is formally established by the Constitution.  The Executive and Legislative are organized independently in all four political entities, while the Judiciary is organized only in the Federal and State levels. All members of the executive and legislative branches are elected by direct suffrage. Judges and other judicial authorities are appointed after passing entry exams. Voting is compulsory for those aged 18 or older. Four political parties stand out among several small ones: Workers' Party (PT), Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), and Democrats (formerly Liberal Front Party - PFL). Practically all governmental and administrative functions are exercised by authorities and agencies affiliated with the Executive. The form of government is Republican and democratic, and the system of government is Presidential. The President is Head of State and Head of Government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. Currently the President of Brazil is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. He was elected on October 27, 2002, and re-elected on October 29, 2006. The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in governing. Legislative houses in each political entity are the main source of laws in Brazil. The National Congress is the Federation’s bicameral legislature, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. Judiciary authorities exercise jurisdictional duties almost exclusively. The finance minister, Guido Mantega, and the president of the Supreme Federal Tribunal, Ellen Gracie Northfleet.

 Law of Brazil

Brazilian Law is based on Roman-Germanic traditions. Thus, civil law concepts prevail over common law practices. Most of Brazilian law is codified, although non-codified statutes also represent a substantial part of the system, playing a complementary role. Court decisions set out interpretation guidelines; however, they are not binding towards other specific cases but in very few exceptional situations. Doctrinal works and comments of legal academic pundits have strong influence in law creation and in legal cases.

The Federal Constitution, promulgated on October 5, 1988, is the fundamental law of Brazil and it rules the system. All other legislation and court decisions must conform to its rules.As of April 2007, it has been through 53 Amendments. States also adopt their own Constitutions, but they must also not contradict the Federal Constitution. Municipalities and the Federal District do not have their own Constitutions; instead, they adopt "organic laws" (leis orgânicas). Legislative entities are the main source of statutes, although in certain matters judiciary and executive bodies may also enact legal norms.

Jurisdiction is administered by the judiciary entities, although in rare cases, the Federal Constitution allows the Federal Senate to pass on legal judgments. There are also specialized military, labor, and electoral courts. The highest court is the Supreme Federal Tribunal. This system has met criticism over the last decades in relation to the slow pace at which final decisions are issued. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade to see definitive rulings.

Email documents for translation, including business contracts, letters, training materials, marketing collateral, or legal paperwork that need to be translated from English to Portuguese.

Trust our Portuguese translator and lawyer based in São Paulo, Brazil to translate your corporate, legal, or government documents from English to Portuguese quickly and efficiently.